Harvesting crops. Mali. Photo: © Curt Carnemark / World Bank

[Photo credit: World Bank Photo Collection under a Creative Commons license]

This paper is a World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5344 (Jun. 2010).  It analyses trade and welfare effects of agricultural policy distortions to producer and consumer prices over the past half-century in sub-Saharan Africa.

Agricultural Distortions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Trade and Welfare Indicators, 1961 to 2004 Johanna Croser and Kym Anderson World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5344 (Jun. 2010) For decades, agricultural price and trade policies in Sub-Saharan Africa have hampered farmers’ contributions to economic growth and poverty reduction. Although there has been much policy reform over the past two decades, the injections of agricultural development funding, together with ongoing regional and global trade negotiations, have brought distortionary policies under the spotlight once again. A key question asked of those policies is: How much are they still reducing national economic welfare and trade? Economy-wide models are able to address that question, but they are not available for many poor countries. Even where they are, typically they apply to just one particular previous year and so are unable to provide trends in effects over time. This paper provides a partial-equilibrium alternative to economy-wide modeling, by drawing on a modification of so-called trade restrictiveness indexes to provide theoretically precise indicators of the trade and welfare effects of agricultural policy distortions to producer and consumer prices over the past half-century. The authors generate time series of country-level indexes, as well as Africa-wide aggregates. They also provide annual commodity market indexes for the region, and a sense of the relative importance of the key policy instruments used.

Webhttp://econ.worldbank.org/researchEmail: research@worldbank.org

Suggested Books (US)

Suggested Books (UK)

The following notice from the World Bank about the Open Data initiative will be good news to all who are interested in World Development Indicator data about Africa.

The World Bank has launched a new Open Data initiative and released the World Development Indicators 2010, an accurate, up-to-date data compilation on development issues.

Through the Open Data launch, the World Bank Group will for the first time
provide free, open, and easy access to its comprehensive set of data on living
standards around the globe — some 2,000 indicators, including hundreds that go back 50 years.

The release of the WDI includes 900 indicators for some 150 economies and 14
country groups in more than 90 tables.  This year’s World Development
Indicators (WDI) gauges progress toward the Millennium Development Goals, or MDGs. The MDGs are eight globally agreed goals that include reducing extreme poverty, reducing child mortality rates, fighting epidemics like AIDS, malaria and TB, and developing a global partnership for development.

For more information see : http://data.worldbank.org/

Suggested Books (US)

The Little Data Book on Africa 2008-09
The Little Data Book on Africa 2010
(to be published April 2010, available for pre-order)
Africa Development Indicators 2010 (African Development Indicators)
(to be published April 2010, available for pre-order)

Suggested Books (UK)

The Little Data Book on Africa 2008-09
The Little Data Book on Africa 2010
(Published in the UK)
Africa Development Indicators 2010: Silent and Lethal: How Quiet Corruption Undermines Africa’s Development Efforts (African Development Indicators)
(Published in the UK)

Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique

[Photo credit: Rosino]

Mozambique Receives Further Support for Higher Education, Science, and Technology

[Press Release]

WASHINGTON, D.C., February 25, 2010 – The World Bank’s Board of Executive Directors today approved an International Development Association (IDA) credit (1) of US$40 million equivalent in support of the implementation of the Government of Mozambique’s Higher Education Science and Technology (HEST) Project.

The overall objective of the project is to support the Government of Mozambique’s policy goals of economic development and poverty alleviation by increasing the number and quality of graduates at the undergraduate and graduate levels, and improving the country’s national research capacity.

“The quality of human resources is an essential ingredient for long-term, sustained development. This project will help address that,” said Luiz Awazu Pereira da Silva, Country Director for Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. “It will tackle the well-identified issue of a rather modest research output in Mozambique, by creating incentives for research and development through support to researchers and institutions, as well as by supporting actions aimed at increasing the quantity and improving the quality of higher education graduates and education institutions in the country.”

The project will specifically support the Government of Mozambique in the following areas:

It will strengthen the National Council of Accreditation and Quality as well as the National Institute of Distance Learning through training and capacity building. It will also help the Government’s implementation of the accreditation and credit transfer pilot systems; develop the national higher education qualifications framework; and pilot and evaluate higher education financing reforms. The project’s support for distance learning will also include the establishment of a third provincial distance learning resources center. Other areas of support include the revitalization of the National Academy of Science, as well as support to the Government’s “Scientists for Tomorrow” program, which is designed to interest youth in math and other science-based careers.

Under its second component, the project will tackle the issue of quality of teaching, learning, and research through the provision of competitive funding that will provide grants and loans to qualified public and private higher education institutions. This includes grants and loans in the areas of information and communication technology applications, postgraduate programs, and teaching/learning innovations.

Finally, the project is set to provide scholarships for undergraduate studies for poor and needy and qualified students from the provinces, as well as scholarships for master’s and PhD levels in strategic areas. Under the undergraduate scholarship program, the project will provide approximately 350 scholarships a year to either public or private universities. The postgraduate scholarships will enable existing faculty members and researchers to upgrade their qualifications to master’s and PhD degrees in strategic areas defined by the government’s Human Resource Development Strategy, with emphasis on science, engineering, and technology. Approximately 20 master’s or PhD scholarships will be funded by this project annually.

“This project is key to securing continuity and support for ongoing reforms in the sector; a great majority of which are receiving support from the World Bank under the government’s Higher Education Project (2002-2009),” said Carlos Rojas, World Bank task team leader for the project. “World Bank support for higher education in Mozambique dates from the late 1980s, followed by an additional support in early 1990s, and later on by another IDA financing to the government’s Higher Education Project in 2002. That support was instrumental in expanding higher education in the country and introducing a system-wide reform agenda, including through technical assistance at policy and institutional development levels; demand-side financing and strategic infrastructure development; and competitive funding to stimulate teaching and learning and research activities.”

This project is a component of the World Bank’s 2008-2011 Country Partnership Strategy for Mozambique. A detailed description of the credit is contained in the project document, which is available at the web link below, or by sending an email to aotacala@worldbank.org, or by requesting a hard copy at the World Bank office in Maputo (+258 21482300).

More information

For more on the World Bank’s work in Mozambique, and its support to education, including technical and vocational education in Mozambique, go to ‘projects and programs’ at: www.worldbank.org/mozambique

For more on the World Bank’s work in Sub-Saharan Africa, visit: www.worldbank.org/africa

(1) The credit is provided on standard International Development Association (IDA) terms, with a commitment fee of 0.5 percent, a service charge of 0.75 percent, and a 40 year maturity which includes a 10-year grace period.

For more information, please visit the Projects website.

Related World Bank News

Mozambique – Higher Education, Science and Technology Project
Mozambique: Energy Development and Access Project (APL-2)
Mozambique Receives Additional World Bank Financing in Support of Greater Energy Access

Permanent URL for World Bank page: http://go.worldbank.org/DXKZGTZH40

Press Release No:2010/276/AFR

Contacts:
In Maputo
Carlos Rojas
+258 21 48 23 39
crojas@worldbank.org
Rafael Saute
+ 258 21 48 29 44
rsaute@worldbank.org

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Suggested Books (UK)

Press Release No:237/2010/AFR

Washington,  January 21, 2010 – World Bank Group President Robert B. Zoellick on Tuesday starts an eight-day, three-nation Africa visit to help focus the attention of African governments, development partners and private investors on seizing the opportunity for renewed momentum in economic growth and overcoming poverty. Although hit by the global food, fuel and financial crises, African governments have persisted in strengthening their economic policies as they pursue development, or rebuild after conflict.

Zoellick will head first to Sierra Leone before travelling to Cote d’Ivoire and then Ethiopia for the African Union (AU) summit. Ahead of the trip, Zoellick noted that many sub-Saharan African countries had enjoyed a decade or more of solid growth before the crisis and it was important to preserve and expand on these gains by drawing investment to high growth areas.

“I am visiting Africa to learn about how its people have coped with the global economic crisis and to see how the World Bank Group can work with them to improve prospects for economic growth and expanded opportunity. Much of Africa has a solid record of economic growth, including in some of Africa’s fragile states, and it has the potential to be another pole of growth for the world economy,” Zoellick said.

Zoellick said that a combination of policy and institutional reforms and external resources are urgently needed to help build capacity, generate economic opportunities in fragile states, and lay the foundation for stability and overcoming poverty.  He also called for policies and investments that would expand Africa’s share of global and intra-African trade by fostering regional integration and building crucial infrastructure in energy, transport and irrigation needed to promote agriculture, manufacturing and industrialization on the continent and for helping countries adapt to climate change.

At a working breakfast forum on the sidelines of the AU summit, which Zoellick is hosting jointly with African Development Bank President Donald Kaberuka, several African leaders will discuss the transformative impact that information and communications technologies (ICTs) can have on the continent.

“The skeptics wondered whether Africa was ready for a revolution in telecommunications. But African entrepreneurs, with the help of supportive government policies, changed the facts on the ground,” said Zoellick.

Acknowledging that private sector participation will continue to be key to take Africa to the next level of high-speed connectivity and to create jobs, the forum is expected to urge African leaders to further lift barriers to private sector investment in the sector.  It is also expected to encourage African leaders and the private sector to take advantage of ICTs to advance agriculture, education and health sectors, and to similarly realize the considerable promise of other sectors.

During his trip, Zoellick will visit energy, agriculture and fishery projects that have benefited from World Bank support. He will hold working sessions with representatives of other donor agencies; discuss ways of boosting World Bank support to governmental and civil society organizations promoting peace, transparency, accountability, and good governance.

In fiscal 2009, the World Bank Group, which supports Africa mainly through the International Development Association (IDA) and International Finance Corporation (IFC), committed a record $58.8 billion worldwide in loans, grants, equity investments, and guarantees, a 54 percent increase over 2008.  IDA, which provides grants and low-interest loans to the world’s 79 poorest countries, half of which are in Africa, committed $7.8 billion to sub-Saharan African countries, a 36 percent increase over the year before. The Bank’s private sector arm, IFC, which provides investments and advisory services to build the private sector in developing countries, has seen its commitments in Africa grow from $445 million in 2005 to $1.82 billion in 2009.

Permanent URL for this page: http://go.worldbank.org/MR3QNVZ600

Contacts
In Washington, DC: Eric Chinje, +1-202-458-8418

echinje@worldbank.org

Herbert Boh, +1-202-473-3548

hboh@worldbank.org

In Freetown: Mohamed Sidie Sheriff, +232-22-227-555

msheriff@worldbank.org

In Abidjan: Joelle Boa Thiemele, +225-22-400-400/7

jthiemele@worldbank.org

In Addis Ababa: Gelila Woodeneh, +011-662-7700

gwoodeneh@worldbank.org

A new report from the World Bank and African partners, Africa’s Infrastructure: A Time for Transformation, highlights the findings of a 24-country study and urges increased investment in four critical areas: energy, transport, water, and information and communications technology.

For more on the report, visit http://go.worldbank.org/NGTDDHDDB0

For the full report in PDF, visit http://www.infrastructureafrica.org/aicd/

How to get a copy

Today’s enormous development challenges are complicated by the reality of climate change—the two are inextricably linked and together demand immediate attention. Climate change threatens all countries, but particularly developing ones. Understanding what climate change means for development policy is the central aim of the World Development Report 2010. It explores how public policy can change to better help people cope with new or worsened risks, how land and water management must adapt to better protect a threatened natural environment while feeding an expanding and more prosperous population, and how energy systems will need to be transformed.

The report is an urgent call for action, both for developing countries who are striving to ensure policies are adapted to the realities and dangers of a hotter planet, and for high-income countries who need to undertake ambitious mitigation while supporting developing countries efforts. A climate-smart world is within reach if we act now to tackle the substantial inertia in the climate, in infrastructure, and in behaviors and institutions; if we act together to reconcile needed growth with prudent and affordable development choices; and if we act differently by investing in the needed energy revolution and taking the steps required to adapt to a rapidly changing planet.

In the crowded field of climate change reports, WDR 2010 uniquely:

  • emphasizes development
  • takes an integrated look at adaptation and mitigation
  • highlights opportunities in the changing competitive landscape and how to seize them
  • proposes policy solutions grounded in analytic work and in the context of the political economy of reform

How to get a copy

Climate Change and Africa
Climate change is threatening to reverse recent gains made in economic growth and poverty reduction, two of Africa’s greatest challenges.

Slideshow

Climate Change a Development Challenge for Africa
http://digitalmedia.worldbank.org/SSP/africa/climatechange/

Video

Hear from World Bank experts on the Impacts of Climate Change on Africa, Africa’s Energy Needs and the World Bank’s Climate Change Strategy.
Video about the impacts of climate change in Africa

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Kigali
Image via Wikipedia

Rwanda is the first African country to be cited as the world’s top reformer in this year’s Doing Business Report and has jumped from 143th to 67th place in the world’s rankings. The BBC reports that Kigali, the capital will be linked to the new EaSSy submarine cables by November 2009 and a national fibre-optic link will be in place by 2010. This initiative, funded with $24 million World Bank funding from 2008 to help Rwanda develop national broadband connectivity, means that doing business in Rwanda has just received a leap forward.

An article in the Financial Times reflects the tension between aid versus trade in Rwanda which gives a somewhat different view of this business expansion.

Click HERE for a video about doing business in Rwanda

click HERE for a video about how a bus is taking internet connectivity to rural communities in Rwanda.

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This resource produced by the World Bank is not Africa-specific, but I think it may be useful. The report argues that gender inequalities need to be addressed in order for agricultural growth to fulfill the potential to alleviate poverty.

Go here to download a (free) pdf of the report

Whilst looking for educational statistics for Mali I came across the following critique of the World Bank’s role in education in Mali.  It is part of a report ‘Evaluation of World Bank support for primary education’. You can download the full report from the site.

Case Study: Mali
Executive Summary

This case study examines the impact of World Bank assistance to the education sector in Mali from 1990 to 2005. It also examines the ways in which government, donors, NGOs, and civil society have responded to the enormous challenges in the sector. It also suggests a variety of ways in which the support from all actors, and particularly the Bank, can be improved.

Malian children are among the poorest in the world. In 2001, 239 children per 1,000 died before reaching age five; 83 percent of children had anemia. Those children who make it to school are confronted with a system ill suited to their needs. There are not enough chairs, books, pencils, or teachers, let alone more modern teaching materials. For most children, most instruction is in a language they do not understand. Not surprisingly, a very high percentage of children in the Malian school system fail. Repetition rates averaged 19 percent per year in 2002. The pass rate for the sixth-grade primary school exam is about 50 percent; sixth-grade students are frequently incapable of decoding single sentences in their textbooks.

Read the full article

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