Africa in Pictures : Burundi
Burundi is in central Africa east of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Burundi’s first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only 100 days in office, triggering widespread ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. More than 200,000 Burundians perished during the conflict that spanned almost a dozen years. Hundreds of thousands of Burundians were internally displaced or became refugees in neighboring countries. An internationally brokered power-sharing agreement between the Tutsi-dominated government and the Hutu rebels in 2003 paved the way for a transition process that led to an integrated defense force, established a new constitution in 2005, and elected a majority Hutu government in 2005. The new government, led by President Pierre NKURUNZIZA, signed a South African brokered ceasefire with the country’s last rebel group in September of 2006 but still faces many challenges. (CIA World FactBook)
The hills in the centre of the country, near Kiganda, Burundi [Photo credit:Â The Advocacy Project]
Gitega, Burundi [Photo credit: d_proffer]
Between Burundi Gitenga and Bujumbara [Photo credit: d_proffer]
Bujumbara, Burundi [Photo credit:d_proffer]
Suggested Books (US)
- Life After Violence: A People’s Story of Burundi (African Arguments)
- Burundi (Africa)
- Burundi: The Biography of a Small African Country (Columbia/Hurst)
Africa in Pictures : Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso is in western Africa north of Ghana. It shares borders with Benin (306 km), Cote d’Ivoire (584 km), Ghana (549 km), Mali (1,000 km), Niger (628 km) and Togo (126 km).
Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) achieved independence from France in 1960. Repeated military coups during the 1970s and 1980s were followed by multiparty elections in the early 1990s. Current President Blaise COMPAORE came to power in a 1987 military coup and has won every election since then. Burkina Faso’s high population density and limited natural resources result in poor economic prospects for the majority of its citizens. Recent unrest in Cote d’Ivoire and northern Ghana has hindered the ability of several hundred thousand seasonal Burkinabe farm workers to find employment in neighboring countries. In January 2008, Burkina Faso assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2008-09 term. (CIA World FactBook)
[Photo credit: Rita Willaert]
[Photo credit: Rita Willaert]
[Photo credit: Rita Willaert]
[Photo credit: kinderpate]
[Photo credit: themanwithsalthair]
[Photo credit: Rita Willaert]
[Photo credit: themanwithsalthair]
Africa Environment Report : Cultivating success, the need to climate-proof Tanzanian agriculture
Cultivating success: the need to climate-proof Tanzanian agriculture
All farming is a gamble with nature. The impacts of climate change, however, can pit farmers against impossible odds – particularly in poor, geographically vulnerable nations with largely agrarian economies. Tanzania is one such country. Some 80 per cent of its workforce is in agriculture and, with climate change set to lower yields in key crops, the implications for its economy are serious. Where, how and when climate impacts will hit is key – as is an action plan for averting the highest costs. Policy needs to focus immediately on helping farmers adapt to climate impacts by addressing both food production and marketing efficiencies. This is crucial: Tanzania is a test case for economic impacts predicted throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Replicating this policy approach in other low-income countries is essential if low-carbon growth and other development priorities are to become realities
How to get a copy
To Download:Â Â http://www.iied.org/pubs/display.php?o=17073IIED
Related articles
- Rich Country Climate Plans Threaten Economic Growth in Developing Countries (prnewswire.com)
- Climate-smart agriculture should be livelihood-smart too (eurekalert.org)

Africa Environment : Biofuels in Africa, growing small-scale opportunities
Biofuels in Africa: growing small-scale opportunities
Global demand for climate-friendly transport fuels is driving vast commercial biofuels projects in developing countries. At the opposite end of the spectrum is small-scale bioenergy production. This offers a way for the poor to meet their energy needs and diversify their livelihoods without compromising food security or environmental integrity. Governments hope that it will be possible to combine the advantages of both large- and small-scale production of biofuels to generate energy security and GDP at the national level, while opening up local opportunities. In Africa, most governments are keen to attract foreign direct investment, and see big business as a strategic means of scaling up rural development. But there is a middle way. By encouraging business models that bridge large and small enterprise, African governments could show that commercial competition can go hand in hand with a range of real local benefits.
How to get a copy
To Download:Â Â http://www.iied.org/pubs/display.php?o=17059IIED
Suggested Books
- Biofuels (Energy and the Environment)
- Biofuels (Wiley Series in Renewable Resource)
- Other Africa Environment books
Related articles
- Can biofuels save Africa? (arstechnica.com)
- Global Biofuel Enzymes Market to Exceed US$900 Million by 2017, According to a New Report by Global Industry Analysts, Inc. (prweb.com)

Africa Environment Report : Biofuels, land access and rural livelihoods in Tanzania
[Photo credit: ianduffy]
Biofuels, land access and rural livelihoods in Tanzania
During the past several years, biofuels in rich countries have come to be regarded as an important option for reducing consumption of petroleum, which is a main policy goal as a result of recent high oil prices, energy security concerns, and global climate change. The use and development of alternative sources of energy are increasingly encouraged in western countries, and private and public sources of financial support for biofuels development have increased greatly.  For African countries, this is leading to growing interest from western and Asian private investors in biofuels projects, as well as growing support from development partners for incorporating biofuels into government policies and development plans.  For African countries which are non-oil producers, biofuel production has the potential to provide a substitute for costly oil imports which are one of the major uses of foreign exchange and sources of inflation in African economies, and to provide a new source of agricultural income in rural areas. Tanzania is one of the African countries which have seen a rapid increase in biofuel production and investment proposals during the past several years.  The purpose of this report is to describe existing patterns of biofuel development and crop cultivation in Tanzanian rural areas in order to improve the understanding of how these various potential threats and opportunities from biofuels expansion are playing out in reality.
How to get a copy
To Download:Â Â http://www.iied.org/pubs/display.php?o=12560IIED
Suggested Books
- Custodians of the Land: Ecology and Culture in the History of Tanzania (Eastern African Studies)
- Biofuels (Energy and the Environment)
- Tanzania – Culture Smart!: the essential guide to customs & culture
- Other Africa Environment books
Related articles
- Imminent Land Grab Threatens More Than 162,000 People in Tanzania (alethonews.wordpress.com)
- Welcome to Tanzania, the Land of Kilimanjaro, Safaris, Zanzibar, and Dwindling Water Resources! (modealanix.com)
- Can biofuels save Africa? (arstechnica.com)

Africa in Pictures : Botswana
Botswana is in Southern Africa and is to the north of South Africa.
Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. Four decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created one of the most dynamic economies in Africa. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country’s conservation practices and extensive nature preserves. Botswana has one of the world’s highest known rates of HIV/AIDS infection, but also one of Africa’s most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease. (CIA World FactBook)
[Photo credit: pmecologic]
[Photo credit: pmecologic]
[Photo credit: geoftheref]
The area was once part of Lake Makgadikgadi, an ancient lake that dried up some 10,000 years ago. Today, the Okavango River has no outlet to the sea. Instead, it empties onto the sands of the Kalahari Desert, irrigating 15,000 km² of the desert. Each year some 11 cubic kilometres of water reach the delta. Some of this water reaches further south to create Lake Ngami. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okavango_Delta
Suggested Books
- Botswana: Okavango Delta, Chobe, Northern Kalahari, 2nd: The Bradt Travel Guide
- Botswana – Culture Smart!: a quick guide to customs & etiquette
- Botswana: The Insider’s Guide (Insiders Guide)
- Botswana: In the Footsteps of the No.1 Ladies’ Detective Agency
(DVD)
Related articles
- The Remarkable Okavango Delta: Xudum Delta Lodge – Moremi Game Reserve, Botswana (travelpod.com)
- Okavango delta (thetallandtheshortofit.wordpress.com)

New Africa Journal CFP : Notes and Records, An International Journal of African and African Diaspora Studies
Call for papers
The Southern Interdisciplinary Roundtable on African Studies (SIRAS), Kentucky State University, and the Editors, announces the launching of a new peer-reviewed journal titled Notes and Records: An International Journal of African and African Diaspora Studies published by Kentucky State University on a bi-annual basis.
The journal is primarily devoted to publishing original studies related to the linkages and relationships between Africans and the African Diaspora. The journal aims to focus on the varied webs of connections between the Africans and the African Diaspora in an interdisciplinary approach. Studies related to history, politics, culture, literature, gender, music/dance, globalization, war, resistance, and civil rights movements that illuminate the varied experiences of Diasporic people are welcome.
Submission and review process
Notes and Records is solely a peer-reviewed journal. Manuscripts should be prepared double-spaced, using font size 12 Times New Roman. Our in-house referencing and citation style is the Chicago Manual format.
Article submissions on topic related to African Studies should be sent to electronically to:
Raphael Chijioke Njoku
Department of History/Dept. of Pan-African Studies
University of Louisville
Louisville Kentucky, USA
Email:Â rc.njoku@louisville.edu
Article submissions on topic related to African Diaspora Studies should be sent to:
Matt Childs
Department of History
University of South Carolina, USA
Columbia, SC 29208
Email:Â childsmd@mailbox.sc.edu
All book reviews and review articles should be sent to:
Tiffany F. Jones
Department of History
California State University, San Bernardino
5500 University Parkway, SB335
San Bernardino, CA Â 92407-2397, USA
Email:Â tjones@csusb.edu
All correspondence should be addressed to:
Notes and Records
Managing Editor
Division of Behavioral Sciences and Social Sciences
Kentucky State University
Frankfort, KY
Email:Â egbunam.amadife@kysu.edu
Please visit the website which is still under construction at:
www.kysu.edu/NotesAndRecordsJournal
Africa Swaziland : Executives to Cycle Africa for AIDS Orphans
Riding for Swaziland
Northampton, MA, March 4, 2010 –
From Santa Cruz, CA to Acton, MA, seven successful business executives (and one teenaged daughter) are pedaling into shape to ride over 200 miles across Swaziland on behalf of the orphans of the mountainous kingdom, the country with the world’s highest rate of HIV/AIDS.
They’ve enlisted to join Swazi Cycle, a border-to-border ride across the southern African nation that will take place from May 3rd to May 10th. Each of them has pledged to raise $10,000 to help Young Heroes Foundation, a charity that links AIDS orphan families in need with sponsors who provide monthly stipends for food. clothing and other necessities. To learn more about their ride and to make a pledge to support them, visithttp://swazicycle.dojiggy.com.
Young Heroes Foundation is headquartered in Northampton, MA. The program now supports over 1,200 orphans in more than 550 families, and also assists with education scholarships, medical care and skills-training. But Kallaugher notes that as Swaziland has the highest rate of HIV/AIDS in the world, over 120,000 children in the country have already lost at least one parent to AIDS, and that more than 20,000 families are now headed by someone under the age of 18.
Skip Klepacki, former CEO of Precision Lithograining Corporation, became aware of the plight of the children when he visited Young Heroes founder Steve Kallaugher in Swaziland. “I was introduced to the Young Heroes staff and saw the differences they’re making in the lives of the orphan families there,“ he says. “These children have become silent victims. I witnessed the love of living in their faces and heard of their hopes for the future – hopes that our support of Young Heroes can help to keep alive. A year later I returned and noticed the striking difference in their health and well-being due to improved nutrition and clothing.”
Klepacki joined Young Heroes Foundation’s board of directors and introduced his friend Bruce Hartman, then CFO of Yankee Candle Company, to the organization. Hartman, an avid triathlete, decided that he wanted to undertake a ride on behalf of the orphans. Speaking of the reason why he decided to help Young Heroes, he says simply, “My main goal in life today is to help our world in which ever way our God asks.†Following in her father’s footsteps, 16-year-old Savannah Hartman announced that she, too, was joining the ride.
Together, Hartman and Klepacki enlisted their friends to join them in Swazi Cycle: Al Albano, an attorney in private practice in Sunderland, MA; Geoff Mitchell, owner of Mitchell Sports in Chatham, NJ; Dave Vesty, former director of worldwide operations for Progress Software;  and Wells Fargo financial advisor Bob Sullivan. The roster was filled when Nell Newman, founder of Newman’s Own Organics and Young Heroes supporter, heard about the ride and suggested to her friend James Cox, CEO of Green in the Black, that he join the adventure.
The eight riders are now in the midst of a grueling 13-week winter training schedule – including strength training, calisthenics and hours on the bicycle – that was devised by ride leader Bruce Hartman.
Speaking of his workouts, Al Albano says, “When I was last on a bike, I was fifteen and it had three speeds. This is a whole different experience.â€
But in the end, he says, all the pain is worth it. “These kids have nothing and no one. Every time I feel I’ve hit the wall, I remember why we’re doing this and I keep going a little longer.â€
ABOUT YOUNG HEROES
Young Heroes Foundation is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporation headquartered in Leeds, Massachusetts.
Now entering its fifth year, it was created by Steve Kallaugher while serving as a Peace Corps volunteer in Swaziland in conjunction with the country’s National Emergency Response Council on HIV/AIDS (NERCHA). Mr. Kallaugher is currently president of the foundation.
The program now supports over 1,200 orphans in more than 550 families in 72 Swazi communities thanks to sponsorship support from individuals, foundations and corporations. In addition, Young Heroes offers scholarships to secondary-school students as there is no free public education in Swaziland; pediatric HIV testing and care in conjunction with Baylor Medical School’s Centre of Excellence and Population Services International; and, in conjunction with Newman’s Own Foundation, it runs Hole in the Wall Camps for children who are HIV+. A recent grant from Church World Service will enable Young Heroes to begin offering microfinance and job training to orphans who age out of its program at 18 years of age.
For full information on Young Heroes, visit http://youngheroes.org.sz
ABOUT SWAZILAND AND ITS ORPHANS
One of two remaining absolute monarchies on earth, Swaziland is bordered on three sides by South Africa, and by Mozambique in the east. The country is approximately the size of New Jersey, and has a population of just over one million people, the vast majority of whom are subsistence farmers. According to the World Food Programme, 69% of Swazis fall below the poverty line, living on less than $2 per day.
Related articles
- SWAZILAND: Funding fiasco leaves Swaziland short of lab supplies (IRINnews.org)
- Swaziland ‘fails to pay’ orphans (bbc.co.uk)

Africa Report : Community Radio in Liberia and Sierra Leone
An Assessment of the Role of Community Radio in Peacebuilding and Development: Case Studies in Liberia and Sierra Leone
Search for Common Ground
Publication Date
July 1, 2009
Summary
This five-page report details the results of an evaluation of four community radio stations in rural Sierra Leone and Liberia. The evaluation focused on areas still struggling to achieve meaningful development in a post-conflict setting and was designed to assess the relationships between drivers of development and community radio stations. The study found that community radios are significantly impacting development in their communities via relationships with local and international non-governmental organisations (NGOs).
The study included an analysis of current radio programming for its impact on local development processes, while an audience survey and focus groups were used to better understand audience perceptions and uses of local radio. Stations were also evaluated on their capacity as independent development agents with an eye towards ongoing peacebuilding functions.
According to the report, the impact of community radios falls into two categories: support for programme implementation leading to improved efficacy, broader reach, accountability, and community feedback; and regular airing of education and awareness programming – yielding results in changing attitudes and behaviours. The study found that the community stations had a positive and engaged relationship with local government as well as civil society organisations. Overall, the study found that community radio plays a central role in disseminating information related to development and in improving development outcomes through partnerships at all levels.
The study found that sensitisation and awareness programmes were often cited as audiences’ favourites, as was interactive, public forum programming. A majority of listeners credited community radio stations with improving basic living conditions and encouraging an attitude of community responsibility and pride. Audiences also expressed a desire for expanded broadcast times. Station leadership was found to be the single overriding factor determining a station’s impact and effectiveness.
According to the report, the stations also positively contributed to peacebuilding in their communities. Listeners reported a high impact from programmes that address peace and nonviolent conflict resolution. Community stations in all locations were also described as active participants in diffusing potential violent crises. It was found that radio helps marginalised people without access to other means of communications and was universally cited as vital in facilitating peaceful election processes.
The report concludes that community radio does play a strong role in local peacebuilding, and that radio stations’ promotion of inclusive development processes has a broad impact in promoting sustainable peace. However, it also found that radio’s impact is often reliant on the cooperation of government, and that community radio stations are making limited use of their power as media outlets to compel government participation in media.
How to get a copy
Click to download An Assessment of the Role of Community Radio in Peacebuilding and Development: Case Studies in Liberia and Sierra Leone in PDF format.
Contact
Shaya Gregory
Search for Common Ground – Africa Programme
1601 Connecticut Ave. NW
Washington, D.C.
20009
United States
Search for Common Ground website
sgregory@sfcg.org
Ransford Wright
Associate Coordinator
Independent Radio Network
159 Circular Road
Freetown
Sierra Leone
Independent Radio Network website
irnsalone@yahoo.com
Source
Search for Common Ground website on February 15 2010.
Africa in Pictures : Benin
Some photos of Benin
Benin, formerly called Dahomey, is between Nigeria and Togo. It shares borders with Burkina Faso (266km), Niger (266 km), Nigeria (773 km) and Togo (644 km).
Present day Benin was the site of Dahomey, a prominent West African kingdom that rose in the 15th century. The territory became a French Colony in 1872 and achieved independence on 1 August 1960, as the Republic of Benin. A succession of military governments ended in 1972 with the rise to power of Mathieu KEREKOU and the establishment of a government based on Marxist-Leninist principles. A move to representative government began in 1989. Two years later, free elections ushered in former Prime Minister Nicephore SOGLO as president, marking the first successful transfer of power in Africa from a dictatorship to a democracy. KEREKOU was returned to power by elections held in 1996 and 2001, though some irregularities were alleged. KEREKOU stepped down at the end of his second term in 2006 and was succeeded by Thomas YAYI Boni, a political outsider and independent. YAYI has begun a high profile fight against corruption and has strongly promoted accelerating Benin’s economic growth. (CIA World Factbook)
[Photo credit: ~MVI~]
[Photo credit: Sigma Delta]
[Photo credit: kaysha]
[Photo credit: Teresa & Pavle]
[Photo credit: Guillaume Colin]
[Photo credit: missbax]
[Photo credit: Radio Nederland Wereldomroep]
Suggested Books (US)
- Benin: The Bradt Travel Guide
- The Benin Kingdom of West Africa (Celebrating the Peoples and Civilizations of Africa)
Africa Linguistics : Adoption of a Policy Guide for Successful Integration of African Languages and Cultures into Education
The Conference on the Integration of African Languages and Cultures into Education (Ouagadougou, 20 – 22 January 2010) adopted a policy guide aimed at affirming the vision of multilingual and multicultural education as the general education system in African countries, with a view to the transformation of their societies. They recommended to implement the policy guidelines and to mobilize the regional economic commissions, through the African Academy of Languages (ACALAN), to “develop a strategy for the promotion of cross-border languages”.
According to the guide, the policy of multilingual and multicultural education requires the following: the establishment of policy and legislative frameworks; the development of monitoring and evaluation strategies; general awareness-raising and advocacy and the development of regional networks; institutional strengthening and capacity building; evaluation of learning outcomes and monitoring; curriculum development and training; and research.
The conference, jointly organized by the Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA), the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL) and the Burkina Faso Ministry of Basic Education and Literacy, recognized that the promotion of African languages and cultures is, on one hand, a factor of national social cohesion and of regional and continental integration, and on the other, an essential means of transforming African societies with a view to balanced, sustainable economic and social development.
Web site: www.ADEAnet.org
E-mail: adeacommunication@afdb.org
Source: alcinou@orange.fr
Suggested Books (US)
- Language Policy in West Africa: Focus on Ghana and Burkina Faso
- Language and Exclusion: The Consequences of Language Policies in Africa (Contributions to Studies on African Languages and Literatures) (Volume 12)
- Linguistic Human Rights and Language Policy in the Kenyan Education System
Africa paper : Decisions and Deadlines, A Critical Year for Sudan
Analytical Report
Sudan will hold potentially transformative elections in April 2010 and its complex peace processes require the organisation of three referendums in the coming year, including one in which Southern Sudanese voters will decide on unity or independence. Sudan is therefore entering a crucial period in its history and the country’s powerful elites are under pressure to reach agreement on a wide range of complex processes.
This report analyses these critical events and their potential outcomes and recommends how best key actors can engage to affect as smooth processes as possible.
How to get a copy
Download a PDF copy of  Decisions and deadlines: a critical year for Sudan
Further Resources
Against the Gathering Storm: Securing Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement
Chatham House Report
Edward Thomas, January 2009
Suggested Books
- The Benefits of Famine: A Political Economy of Famine & Relief in Southwestern Sudan, 1983-9 (Eastern African Studies)
- Contested Sudan: The Political Economy of War and Reconstruction (Durham Modern Middle East and Islamic World Series)
- Sudan, 2nd (Bradt Travel Guide)
Related articles
- China Tries to Mediate Sudan Oil Impasse (abcnews.go.com)
- SUDAN-SOUTH SUDAN: What the analysts are saying post-secession (IRINnews.org)






















