Yearly Archives: 2010
Brewing Local Millet Beer in Mali
Millet Beer Brewing in Mali
Millet beer is prepared in many parts of Africa. This opaque beer is part of local culture in Mali for some ethnic groups like the Bobo and Dogon. There are many small home breweries where beer is made by the women and drunk by the men. The grain is malted by soaking the grains to encourage them to sprout and then drying them. The next stage takes 3 days and involves mashing, boiling, fermenting and straining. The boiling is done either in multi-compartments as above or a single compartment stove. See http://www.archaeology.org/online/features/mali/beer.html for a good diagram.
There are some great pictures and description of brewing local millet beer in Mali at Michael and Doria’s Travel Tales. Please take time and look at the rest of this blog!
In Segou we visited a Bobo family who run a small brewery in their home, making millet beer in small quantities that they sell from a shed in their compound. While Mali is predominantly Muslim, and thus not alcohol-friendly, there are a number of peoples within the country who have maintained their traditional religions. Our guide Oumar referred to the Bobo people as “hard-core animists”. Whatever that means, they certainly were into their beer, and I got quite a few pictures of their backyard brewing venture
Here the millet kernels are soaked in warm water in the sun until they sprout. This, as any self-respecting homebrewer knows, is the first step of the process known as malting. Grains are malted by encouraging them to germinate, or sprout, and then drying them out again before the process goes to far. This increases the sugar known as maltose in the grain.
Suggested Books
- Uncorking the Past: The Quest for Wine, Beer, and Other Alcoholic Beverages
- Food Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa (Food Culture around the World)
Agricultural Distortions in Sub-Saharan Africa 1961 to 2004
This paper is a World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5344 (Jun. 2010). Â It analyses trade and welfare effects of agricultural policy distortions to producer and consumer prices over the past half-century in sub-Saharan Africa.
Agricultural Distortions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Trade and Welfare Indicators, 1961 to 2004 Johanna Croser and Kym Anderson World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5344 (Jun. 2010) For decades, agricultural price and trade policies in Sub-Saharan Africa have hampered farmers’ contributions to economic growth and poverty reduction. Although there has been much policy reform over the past two decades, the injections of agricultural development funding, together with ongoing regional and global trade negotiations, have brought distortionary policies under the spotlight once again. A key question asked of those policies is: How much are they still reducing national economic welfare and trade? Economy-wide models are able to address that question, but they are not available for many poor countries. Even where they are, typically they apply to just one particular previous year and so are unable to provide trends in effects over time. This paper provides a partial-equilibrium alternative to economy-wide modeling, by drawing on a modification of so-called trade restrictiveness indexes to provide theoretically precise indicators of the trade and welfare effects of agricultural policy distortions to producer and consumer prices over the past half-century. The authors generate time series of country-level indexes, as well as Africa-wide aggregates. They also provide annual commodity market indexes for the region, and a sense of the relative importance of the key policy instruments used.
Web:Â http://econ.worldbank.org/research |
Email: research@worldbank.org
Suggested Books (US)
- Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Africa (World Bank Trade and Development Series)
- African Agriculture and The World Bank: Development or Impoverishment?
African Street Children – you can make a difference
Tribes of street children
An article on IRIN NEWS about street children in Gambia set me thinking. In many African countries tribes of street children work the streets, selling, begging and washing car windows (whether you want them to or not!). Often, as in the Gambian story, the authorities crack down on this and round the kids up.
Anyone travelling in West Africa will be familiar with the phenomenon of groups of children begging. These children are sometimes dressed in unbleached cloth and wearing a kind of bonnet, in local dress or in ragged western clothes. They all carry a large tomato tin, often tied with string round their necks. This is organised begging and is different to the homeless groups of street children. These children ‘belong’ to a local marabout or Islamic religious teacher. They are known as ‘almodous’ in Gambia and ‘talibés’ in Senegal. They beg for food for themselves and money for the marabout. They are often beaten if they don’t come back with enough money. Parents sending their boys to the marabout think that they are giving them a Koranic education, but, as the article says:
in some cases they inadvertently feed a thriving network of child traffickers and smugglers, says child rights protection NGO Samu Social.
I remember sitting at a street-side breakfast bar in Ségou, Mali where we were eating before starting our research work in a local school. We were eating bread spread with mayonnaise and drinking milky coffee when we were approached by four little boys dressed in the typical talibé uniform and carrying tomato tins. The boys just stood and watched us. I broke off the end part of my ‘sandwich’ and passed it to the eldest boy. He carefully broke it into four equal pieces and solemnly gave each boy their piece. The way the children ate that bread showed how hungry they were. I did the same with my coffee and passed the eldest boy my mug. He gave it to the youngest boy first and each took a good sip before he solemnly passed the mug back to me. Each morning when we ate breakfast before going to the local school we went through the same pantomime. On our final morning we told the boys that we were going back to Bamako that day. They lined up and solemnly shook our hands. In its way it was a humbling experience.
ACTION!
So, what can be done to help these kids? Well, a coordinated effort has been made by a consortium of agencies called STREET CHILD AFRICA. At the moment they work in: Mozambique, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal.
Street Child Africa mobilises kids in the UK to help kids in Africa. You can help too, by supporting the work they do. As they say – a little goes a long way!
Please explore their site and consider donating to help their work. Thank you.
Some related articles
GUINEA-BISSAU: The long road home for talibés
SUDAN: Vulnerable girls risk sexual exploitation on Juba’s streets
KENYA: Collins Ochieng, “I know the importance of going back to school”
Suggested Books
The Art of Livelihood: Creating Expressive Agri-Culture in Rural Mali, Book Review
I think you’ll find the following book an interesting read. Â The book is reviewed on H-Africa, H-Net Reviews.
Stephen Wooten. Â The Art of Livelihood: Creating Expressive Agri-Culture in Rural Mali
.  Durham  Carolina Academic Press, 2009. xxiii + 182 pp.  $30.00 (paper), ISBN 978-1-59460-731-8.
Reviewed by Pascal James Imperato (SUNY Downstate Medical Center)
Farming on the Mande Plateau in Mali
This superbly researched and unique volume explores the intimate relationships between the agriculture-based economy and social and cultural traditions of a group of Mande villages in central Mali. Although these villages are only twenty kilometers from Bamako, Mali’s capital, their location high up in rugged terrain that is difficult to access has significantly distanced them from some of the influences of the largest metropole in the country.
Stephen Wooten, who is a faculty member in the Departments of International Studies and Anthropology at the University of Oregon, conducted extensive field work in this area during several stays in Mali between 1992 and 2008. In this volume, he frames his in-depth exploration of Mande agrarian traditions within the contexts of continuity and change as modulated by two indigenous social constructs, badenya (mother-childness) and fadenya (father-childness). Badenya, which signifies people born of the same mother, fosters stability, constancy, and community action. Fadenya, which unifies people through parentage from the same father, but not necessarily from the same mother, promotes competition, individuality, creativity, and change. Wooten uses the example of the village of Niamakoroni to demonstrate the importance of badenya to village cohesion, harmony, and community building. Yet fadenya is always there, propelling change even in agricultural communities where farming is very much a badenya affair.
The roots of the differences in these principles relate to the fact that succession to power and assets is a uniquely male process in which the oldest male member of the oldest generation inherits primacy over all others, including the sons of the last patriarch. This process creates serious tensions among some who perceive themselves as possibly disenfranchised from future successes by the traditional rules of an oligarchic gerontocracy. In addition, half brothers (usually the same father but different mothers), common in this polygamous society, more often tend toward rivalry than brothers born of the same parents. Such rivalries arise from affiliation with different matri-segments and a desire for future leadership. Many young Mande men have, in recent decades, resolved this dilemma by out-migration to the cash economies of the cities, the West African coast, Europe, and more recently, the United States. Wooten discusses fadenya in the context of a tension that leads to creativity in different domains, which results in change and which provides rewards and satisfactions to the initiators.
The penultimate chapter of the book examines the sculpted wooden tyiwara (ciwara) antelope headdresses, their use in agricultural celebrations, and their connection to badenya through continuity with previous practices and to fadenya through creative change. This analytic perspective of _tyi wara_ is unique, and makes a very important new contribution to our knowledge of this tradition. The author provides a comprehensive review of past field research on this tradition, and based on performances in three different villages, examines the interaction of badenya and fadenya not only in the dance performances but also in the sculptures themselves.
The Art of Livelihood provides a new and unique perspective on Mande farmers, contextualized in two sociological constructs that play an important role in both maintaining continuity and engendering change. Meticulous in its scholarship, and textured with insightful analyses, it is a pleasure to read.
Citation: Pascal James Imperato. Review of Wooten, Stephen, The Art of Livelihood: Creating Expressive Agri-Culture in Rural Mali. H-AfrArts, H-Net Reviews. June, 2010.
URL:Â http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=30588
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License.
H-AfrArts
H-Net Network for African Expressive Culture
E -Mail:Â H-AFRARTS@H-NET.MSU.EDU
http://www2.h-net.msu.edu/~artsweb/
Suggested Books
- The Art of Livelihood: Creating Expressive Agri-Culture in Rural Mali
- The Mande Blacksmiths: Knowledge, Power, and Art in West Africa (Traditional Arts of Africa)
African cuisine, a question of taste
Pounding Fufu in Ghana.
[Photo credit:  CorinthianGulf under  a Creative Commons license]
Betumi blog is a good place to wander if you like African food. I enjoy pottering around and discovering new things.
For me one of the most evocative sounds of Africa is the pounding of a pestle and mortar being used to prepare food. I think it must be one of the oldest ways of preparing food and the design has changed little. A good overview of the pestle and mortar and its use in African cookery is on the AfrofoodTV blog. I was delighted to find an older article on Betumi blog, Food Science of African Tastes: comminution and the asanka, which gives the scientific reason why there are taste differences between using an electric blender and using a pestle and mortar or grinding stone/bowl.
Suggested Books (US)
Beekeeping and Poverty Alleviation in Africa
The following programme would be a good opportunity for candidates with a first degree who are already working with NGOs in the African countries listed. You need to read the advert carefully and if you meet their criteria apply directly to the University through the links in the information section below. (I can’t pass on details for you).
The information below comes from http://www.beesfordevelopment.org/ghent
Training programme at Ghent University, Belgium
The Laboratory of Zoophysiology of the Ghent University organizes the International Training Programme ‘Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation’ with the support of the Belgium Government and VLIR-UOS.
In 2010 we have again the opportunity to invite 16 candidates to come to Belgium to follow a four-month intensive training course that addresses all aspects involved in developing beekeeping into a powerful factor of rural development.
Only residents and nationals of a selected group of countries are eligible for this VLIR-UOS scholarship. In the past years we had none or only a few candidates from certain countries listed below.
Africa
Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, DR Congo, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Senegal, South Africa, ZambiaWe aim at candidates that are holders of a bachelor’s degree with experience in beekeeping that wish to implement beekeeping for rural development purposes. They should have a good written and spoken command in English. Candidates meeting any of the following profiles are preferred:
- Researchers connected to local universities or research institutes, preferably with a clear link to extension;
- Staff members of extension centers, NGOs or other institutions actively involved in rural development and with some (applied) research facilities;
- People who have recently completed their studies and have a firm intention to commit themselves to rural development.
More Information
More information and the application procedure can be found at the Belgium VLIR-UOS website:Â www.scholarships.vliruos.be. Please look for the Training Programme ‘Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation’ at the University of Ghent.
If you have any questions, please email: Â Inge.Roman@Ugent.be
Suggested Books (US)
(2010)Africa IMF Reports : Benin 2010
House in the interior of Benin
[Photo credit: subcomandanta under a Creative Commons license]
IMF reports for Benin 2010
Press Release
Concluding Statement by IMF Review Mission to Benin
http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2010/pr10377.htmWorking Paper No. 10/191
A Macro Model of the Credit Channel in a Currency Union Member: The Case of Benin
Author/Editor: Samaké, Issouf
Summary: This paper applies and extends a theoretical model built by Agénor and Montiel (2007) by exploring the effectiveness of government bonds and monetary policy in a small, open, credit-based economy with a fixed exchange rate. The model is applied to Benin, a member of a currency union, using a general equilibrium model with stochastic simulation. Model calibration replicates the historical pattern for 1996-2009. Policy experiments simulated an increase in government securities in Benin’s regional market and a cut in the reserve requirement. Simulations produced mixed results. It appears that, among other factors, excess bank liquidity lowers the effectiveness of monetary policy instruments through the credit channel and that government bonds can help mop up excess bank liquidity.
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=24157.0Country Report No. 10/195 Benin
2010 Article IV Consultation and Request for a Three-Year Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility – Staff Report; Staff Supplements and Staff Statement; Public Information Notice and Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Benin.
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=24020.0Public Information Notice
IMF Executive Board Concludes 2010 Article IV Consultation with Benin
http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pn/2010/pn1078.htmCountry’s Policy Intentions Documents — Benin
Letter of Intent, Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policies, and Technical Memorandum of Understanding, May 27, 2010
http://www.imf.org/External/NP/LOI/2010/ben/052710.pdfPress Release: IMF Executive Board Approves US$109 Million ECF for Benin
http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2010/pr10243.htmIMF Survey: IMF Approves $109 Million Loan to Back Benin Policy Agenda
The IMF Executive Board approves Benin’s request for a new arrangement under the IMF’s Extended Credit Facility. The package will support the West African state’s economic and financial program over the next three years with policy advice, technical assistance, and financial support.
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2010/car061410a.htmExpenditure Composition and Economic Development in Benin — African Departmental Paper No. 10/02
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=23898.0IMF Policy Paper: Benin – Assessment Letter for the World Bank
Summary: This letter provides an assessment of recent macroeconomic developments in Benin and an update on the discussions of Fund staff with the Beninese authorities on macroeconomic policies and structural reforms that could form the basis for the authorities’ request for a new arrangement under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF). An earlier assessment letter to donors was issued in December 2009 and is available at http://www.imf.org/external/pp/longres.aspx?id=4449
Press Release: Statement at the Conclusion of an IMF Mission to Benin
http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2010/pr10116.htm
All information from http://www.imf.org
To view and print pdf files you need the free Adobe Acrobat Reader which is available at http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep.html
Suggested Books (US)
- Africa and IMF Conditionality: The Unevenness of Compliance, 1983-2000 (African Studies)
- Benin: The Bradt Travel Guide
In Africa Partnership and Collaboration is the Way Forward
Partnership and collaboration seem to be keywords in Africa discussions these days.  The following press release from the NextGen Africa Forum hosted by Goods for Good explains a little why that trend is important.
New York, 17 June 2010 – Earlier this week Goods for Good hosted the NextGen Africa Forum at NYU’s Kimmel Center, where The Right Honorable Joyce Banda, Vice President of Malawi, gave an address on the plight of Africa’s 50 million orphans to an audience of 350 NGO’s, key experts in the field and other interested individuals.
The Forum was initiated by Goods for Good Founder and Executive Director, Melissa Kushner, in order to facilitate discussion the creation of partnerships for advancing Africa’s next generation. ” The issue is too complex for any one organization to tackle alone,” she explained. “We’re hosting NextGen Africa to encourage dialogue, partnership, and collaboration between organizations working towards the same goal of helping to create a better future for these children and their communities.”
Setting the tone for the evening, Vice President Joyce Banda started by giving numerous examples of how the situation in Africa is not hopeless. Interventions, when implemented properly, can and do have a real impact on the ground. “By working with local leadership – chiefs and local village leaders who are a powerful, critical mass of local leaders – important change can be made in communities. These leaders are the custodians of tradition. People listen to them because they are respected and have authority.†– she explained. Most pointedly, Vice President Banda highlighted a program spearheaded by her Foundation, which has reduced child malnutrition in Malawi from 20% to 2%.
Joyce Banda’s inspiring speech was followed by a Q & A discussion panel , complemented by Dr. Jane Aronson (Founder and CEO of the Worldwide Orphans Foundation), Ann Veneman (Former Executive Director of UNICEF) and moderated by Claire Gaudiani, author of The Greater Good.
“Working in partnership is critical. Different organizations with different goals constantly going into countries and doing their own thing doesn’t work,†said Ann Veneman. “We have to create collaborative, community approaches that will be sustainable over the long term.â€
The general consensus amongst the panel and audience was that to address the issue of orphans and vulnerable children, you must first address the larger issue of poverty. For example, micro-finance programs can stimulate the economy, increase household income and provide parents with the means to better care for themselves, thereby reducing the risk of parents deaths and therefore orphans.
Increased parental income also enables the education of girls, who are customarily pulled from school first when faced with a lack of funds. When girls are unable to gain an education they typically marry at the age of 13 or 14, have children soon thereafter and enter the viscous cycle of lack of education, low income, poor nutrition including lack of pre-natal care and increased risk for early parental death.
But the concern that African orphan crisis is too large to confront with viable solutions was addressed unanimously by all parties. The resounding opinion was that “we must divide up the pie†and help one child at a time with culturally appropriate solutions.. There are many ways for individuals to become a part of the solution, starting with supporting www.goods4good.org. For just $10, Goods for Good can provide a child with the materials they need to gain an education. Joyce Banda explained: “Melissa’s nonprofit , Goods for Good, is partnering with people on the ground, and that’s the way to do it.â€
About The Right Honorable Joyce Banda:
Joyce Banda is the first female Malawian Vice President. An influential advocate for women and children’s rights, she previously served as Minister of Gender, Child Welfare and Community Development and Minister of Foreign Affairs. Among other notable achievements, she received the International Award for Health and Dignity of Women by Americans for UNFPA and founded the National Association for Business for Women, a network of over 30,000 women. She also founded the Young Women Leaders Network, and the Joyce Banda Scholarship Foundation, which provides scholarships for secondary school children in Malawi.
About Goods for Good:
Goods for Good (G4G) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization founded in 2006 to promote the educational and emotional development of orphans and vulnerable children in developing nations. Through partnerships with international companies and grassroots organizations abroad, Goods for Good provides much needed school supplies, clothing and health and hygiene products to children in need while at the same time reducing waste at home. To date, Goods for Good has rescued and delivered over 120 tons of surplus goods reaching over 510,000 vulnerable children and their communities.
To learn more, visit www.goods4good.org.
Suggested Books
- New Economic Partnership for African Development and the Future of Economic Policy in Africa
- Enhancing Investment in West Africa: The Role of Investment Instruments in Economic Partnership Agreement Negotiations (Economic Paper Series)
UNDP’s Africa Adaptation Programme Workshop Report
Dakar Senegal
[Photo credit: Serigne Diagne under a Creative Commons license]
Please find below a press release on the recent cross-practice workshop held as part of UNDP’s Africa Adaptation Programme:
Dakar, Senegal, 18 June 2010 – A 5-day workshop that brought together UNDP Practice Team experts in gender, capacity development, poverty reduction, learning (LRC), and knowledge management, to formulate an integrated program of technical assistance in support of the Africa Adaptation Programme (AAP), wrapped up here today.
“This week we saw a group of dedicated and enthusiastic professionals make a real words-into-action commitment that demonstrates the value of working as one in delivering a comprehensive suite of technical assistance to the twenty AAP countries,†says Ian Rector, Programme Manager of the AAP.
“Our initial challenge was to work out how we could meet the immediate and longer term needs and demands of our partner countries in a manner that would result in genuine capacity development. We at AAP are a small team and it did not take long for us to appreciate the huge potential that the united resources of the UNDP practice teams brought to the table. Now with AAP we have a vehicle that provides a common link and it is a real opportunity for us to engage as one and stay engaged for the remainder of AAP and beyond. There should be no turning back,†said Mr. Rector.
“UNDP Country Offices and many governments are already starting to become overwhelmed with the number of projects and other interventions related to climate change, so by uniting our efforts we are both reducing the demands on them while also increasing the quality and sustainability of our technical assistance. I think it sends a very strong message that UNDP places extreme importance on modifying its service delivery models in order to ensure the needs of countries remain first and foremost,†he said.
“Much of the credit goes to the co-chairs of the AAP Board and the respective practice team leaders for their encouragement and commitment to making this collaboration possible and ensuring its successful outcome,†said Mr. Rector.
In addition to the practice teams in attendance at the workshop, AAP is working with the UNDP South-South Cooperation Team on the design of a parallel advocacy and awareness program.
The AAP, a flagship programme of UNDP, is helping 20 countries in Africa develop their capability to design and implement holistic climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction programmes that are aligned with their national development priorities. It was launched in December 2008 under the Japan-UNDP Joint Framework for Building Partnership to Address Climate Change in Africa with funding of US $92 million from the government of Japan. The Programme is an integral part of the Yokohama Action Plan of the Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD).
For more information on the Africa Adaptation Programme, please contact Mihoko.Kumamoto@undp.org in New York or Ian Rector ianr@unops.org in Dakar. More detailed information on the project is available on the Adaptation Learning Mechanism (www.adaptationlearning.net). In the search box, enter ‘AAP’ to find the related results.
Major measles outbreak in Eastern & Southern Africa
Measles vaccination Africa
Measles vaccination Africa
[Photo credit: Julien Harneis under a Creative Commons license]
FUNDING GAP LEADS TO MAJOR MEASLES OUTBREAK IN EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA
New York, Jun 18 2010 Â 6:05PM, http://www.un.org/news
Gaps in the implementation of measles control strategies as a result of inadequate financial commitments from governments and partners have led to a dramatic increase in cases of measles in Eastern and Southern Africa. This shortage in donor support could reverse recent gains that had been made in reducing mortality from this highly contagious disease.
As of mid-June 2010, this latest resurgence has affected more than 47,907 children in 14 countries, resulting in 731 deaths. The most recent confirmed outbreaks are in Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia.
Measles, which is easily spread through coughing and sneezing, can cause severe complications, including pneumonia, diarrhoea, encephalitis and death. Yet a programme of supplemental immunization activities has been found to stem the deadly tide.
To ensure protection from measles outbreaks, at least 90 per cent of all children in each district and at national level need to be vaccinated through routine immunization. Two doses of the vaccine are recommended to ensure immunity, since about 15 per cent of children vaccinated at 9 months, fail to develop immunity from the first dose.
The African Region of the World Health Organization had attained 92 per cent reduction in measles mortality between 2000 and 2008 through the implementation of these strategies, with the support from the Measles Initiative. Founded in 2001, the Measles Initiative is led by the American Red Cross, the UN Foundation, the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO, and the United Nations Children’s Fund.
“Measles are easily preventable”, said UNICEF Regional Director for Eastern and Southern Africa, Elhadj As Sy. “In order to sustain our efforts and successes in combating the disease, we urgently need to fill the funding gaps. Otherwise, we will again see more measles deaths in the near future.”
“To eliminate the risk of resurgence”, WHO Regional Director for Africa Dr Luis Gomes Sambo said, “countries must continue follow-up vaccination campaigns every two to four years until their health-care systems can routinely provide two doses of measles vaccination to all children and provide treatment for the disease.”
In the aftermath of that lost opportunity, affected countries are doing what they can – conducting proper outbreak investigations, providing appropriate case management, carrying out response vaccination campaigns to the degree possible, and working to strengthen routine immunization and disease surveillance.
These efforts, in the face of the crisis, are made possible with technical support from UNICEF, WHO and other partners, and generous financial assistance from the Central Emergency Response Fund, the UK Department for International Development, the European Union and other international and local partners.  But none of it replaces the value of prevention.
As of 15 June 2010, the toll taken by the current outbreak of measles in Eastern and Southern Africa is as follows:  Zimbabwe  (8,173 cases, 517 deaths), Zambia (817 cases, 33 deaths), Tanzania (20 cases, 1 death) , Swaziland ( 529 cases,  0 death), South Africa (15,520 cases, 18 deaths), Namibia (3,722 cases, 58 deaths), Mozambique (434 cases, 0 death), Malawi (11,461 cases, 68 deaths), Lesotho (2,406 cases, 28 deaths), Kenya (295 cases, 0 death) Ethiopia (2,108 cases, 8 deaths), Botswana (1,048 cases, 0
death).
________________
For more details go to UN News Centre at http://www.un.org/news
Africa IMF Reports : Botswana 2010
Gabarone Botswana
[Photo credit: Clav under a Creative Commons license]
IMF Reports for Botswana 2010
Country Report No. 10/280: Botswana: 2010
Article IV Consultation – Staff Report and Supplement; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=24192.0Public Information Notice
IMF Executive Board Concludes 2010 Article IV Consultation with Botswana
http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pn/2010/pn10119.htmPress Release
Statement at the Conclusion of an IMF Mission to Botswana
http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2010/pr10239.htmPress Release
IMF and Botswana’s Financial Regulator Work Together to Improve Breadth and Quality of Macroeconomic Statistical Data
http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2010/pr1078.htmPublic Information Notice
IMF Executive Board Concludes 2009 Article IV Consultation with Botswana
http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pn/2010/pn1068.htm
All information from http://www.imf.org
Suggested Books (US)
- Political Economy of Botswana Public Sector Management: from imperialism to neoliberalism
- Why Botswana Prospered
Free Resource : web dossier on Football in Africa
To mark the first FIFA World Cup to be hosted by an African nation - South Africa – from 11 June to 11 July 2010, the Library, Documentation and Information Department of the African Studies Centre Leiden has compiled a web dossier on Football in Africa. The dossier contains titles published since 2004 on football and sport in Africa in general and South Africa in particular, as well as a selection of web resources. All titles are available in the ASC library. Each title links directly to the corresponding record in the library’s online catalogue, which provides further details and, in many cases, an abstract.
The dossier can be found on the Library website at:Â http://www.ascleiden.nl/Library/Webdossiers/Football.aspx
Suggested Books (US)
- South Africa and the Global Game: Football, Apartheid and Beyond (Sport in the Global Society Contemporary Perspectives)
- Africa’s Football Legends
